Método de avaliação da resiliência térmica do usuário em edifícios: estudo de caso em HIS no sul do Brasil

Abstract

Buildings protect people from external climates, and thermal comfort is a crucial aspect of users' quality of life. The replication of Social Interest Housing (HIS) units without proper consideration of their suitability for the diverse Brazilian climate can negatively impact the quality and performance of these homes. The quality of the built environment can be detrimental to the well-being of residents. When a building fails to provide adequate indoor thermal comfort, users often adopt measures to adapt to and mitigate the poor performance of the built environment, such as using air conditioning equipment. This ability to adapt is understood as the users' resilience. Through a case study conducted in an HIS housing complex located in Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, this research aims to contribute to the analysis of resilience within the Brazilian context of Post-Occupancy Evaluation in HIS. The study proposes a method to assess users' thermal resilience, based on the integration of three elements: the level of thermal comfort in the environment calculated according to ASHRAE 55 (2020), users' perceptions of thermal comfort, and the air conditioning strategies employed by the users. The thermal behavior of the building was analyzed by monitoring the internal temperature of homes over 365 days. The case study focuses on homes built with monolithic concrete panels cast in situ, located in Brazilian Bioclimatic Zone 2. By using qualitative data, the study also examined a subjective aspect: users' resilience. The research findings highlight the adaptive capacity of HIS residents. The results suggest that residents of Rio Grande do Sul likely have greater resilience to cold due to sociocultural influences and acclimatization. Furthermore, the study revealed a significant difference between the comfort limits defined by ASHRAE 55 (2020) and users' perceptions in southern Brazil, particularly during the summer. Consequently, the study recommends that, while the American standard is a valuable tool, critical analysis and adaptations are necessary to address the specific characteristics of different regions and cultures.