Análise integrada dos aspectos e impactos ambientais: da extração das matérias primas à produção do concreto usinado

Abstract

In addition to being among the most important activities for economic and social development worldwide, civil construction is also a major generator of environmental impacts and aspects. This activity is among those that most consume natural resources. Considering concrete the most consumed material in civil construction and the second most consumed element in the world, this work aimed to analyze in an integrated way the environmental aspects and impacts generated by the production of ready-mixed concrete. To carry out an integrated analysis, it was necessary to investigate the life cycle of each raw material that makes up the concrete, studying its production processes, knowing its activities and identifying its aspects and impacts. These were identified individually using as methods, the checklists and interaction matrix, the result was the identification of 76 environmental aspects and impacts, being 15 positive and 61 negative. As a result of these results, in an individual analysis, the Sand Extraction activity was recognized as the one that most generates environmental aspects and impacts, with Noise Pollution and Scaring away fauna as negative and Job Generation as positive. Most of its impacts are concentrated in the Anthropic environment, and most of the activities are in the Implementation phase of the enterprise. In the integrated analysis of activities, dealing with environmental aspects and impacts, Noise Pollution was obtained as a negative result, and Job Generation as a positive impact. When all phases of the Projects are considered, the phase that concentrates the greatest number of aspects and impacts generated is Implementation. The Cement Manufacturing projects proved to be the main responsible for the aspects and impacts generated in this phase, through human activity, Removal of Vegetation Cover. With the analysis completed, it is understood that with the support of these results, it is possible to see where we should concentrate technology, knowledge, research and studies helping to control the generation of environmental impacts, automatically collaborating so that the degradation of the environment does not occur.