Bioprospecção de micro-organismos do solo degradadores de celulose

Abstract

The importance of soil micro-organisms depend on each of the activities they develop into the environment and so that their functions depend bacterial diversity. Within this group of microorganisms is the cellulose degrading bacteria, using an enzyme complex of three types of enzymes endoglucanases, exoglucanases, and β glucosidases responsible for the degradation of organic matter. The objective of this work was the isolation and characterization through enzymatic activity of cellulose degrading bacteria from different types of soil. Soil samples were coletasdas the Amazon forest, family agro-ecosystems under the Crop-Livestock integration system and rural open field, in the cities of Belém do Pará (State of Pará), Arroio do Padre and Canguçu (State of Rio Grande do Sul ) in Brazil and taken to the Environmental Microbiology Laboratory, Institute of Biology / UFPel. 10 bacterial isolates were obtained. The analysis for the verification of cellulose degradation was made by the filter paper method Whatman No. 1 and Luria-Bertani plate. In the analysis of extracellular enzyme production the substrate used was Whatman filter paper # 1 for ß-1,4 exoglucanase and carboxymethylcellulose for ß-1,4 endoglucanase. In addition, they made the analysis of microbial biomass. The results showed that the most effective isolated in cellulose degradation as substrate No.1 Whatman filter paper and carboxymethylcellulose were the BC5 bacterial and BC2 respectively. In the β-1,4-endoglucanase enzymatic activity was BC5 and β-1,4-exoglucanase was BC8, while for the production of microbial biomass the best result was for the BC9 bacteria. The results indicated that among different species of bacteria from different locations differ significantly compared in each of the tests, and therefore may be associated with different types of both biochemical ecosystems and characteristics, as well as environmental conditions in each type of soil, presenting distinct mechanisms directly related to cellulose degradation. Thus, these microorganisms have potential for use in many biotechnological processes and bioremediation in the degradation of cellulose.