Comportamento fenológico e produtivo das cultivares de pessegueiro chimarrita e granada em diferentes porta enxertos nos três primeiro anos de implantação

Abstract

The peach crop in Brazil is spread from Rio Grande do Sul to Minas Gerais states. It has adapted to different environmental conditions, being cultivated in temperate and sub-tropical zones, since it develops in areas with latitudes between 30º S and 45º N. In Rio Grande do Sul, the regions that are outstanding on peach production are: Pelotas; Porto Alegre; and Serra Gaúcha. In the Serra Gaúcha besides peaches for fresh market, are also grown vine grapes and apples. In Porto Alegre, There are peach and plum productions supplying the local market. In Pelotas, most of the peaches produced are for the local industry. However, the canning peaches produced in Pelotas, has worsen the quality and lowered productivity in the last years due to the very variable winter temperature, low chilling hours and severe draught during summer and fall seasons. A way that may contribute for production regularity and to overcome damaging abiotic factors is the right choice of the rootstock. The objectives for this study were: a) to evaluate the agronomical behavior of cultivar Chimarrita on the rootstocks Aldrighi, Capdeboscq, GF305, Okinawa and Tsukuba 1; b) to evaluate the agronomical and phonological behavior of peach trees cultivar Granada on the rootstocks cvs. Aldrighi, Capdeboscq, and Okinawa, originated from both, seeds and air layering. It were observed that the trees of cultivar Chimarrita: on either rootstocks Capdeboscq or Okinawa had greater size and vigor; on Okinawa had higher fruit production, whereas on Capdeboscq had larger fruits, and delayed leaf fall, and had later bloom; the trees cultivar Granada independent of the rootstock cultivar had earlier fruit ripening as that on the same rootstock cultivars, originated from seeds (seedlings). Regarding to cultivar Granada, the trees on Capdeboscq seedling were of larger size, whereas those on Okinawa produced more fruits in the first bearing season. In general, the Granada trees on rootstocks originated from air layering had earlier harvesting, independent of the rootstock cultivar.