Desenvolvimento de plantas e qualidade fisiológica de sementes de arroz (Oryza satitva l.) submetidas a diversas concentrações de cádmio

Abstract

The objective was to evaluate the growth and development of plants, as well as the physiological quality of seeds of rice (Oryza sativa L.) under various concentrations of cadmium seed, rice cultivar BR-IRGA 410 were grown in plastic pots containing soil and irrigated with increasing concentrations (0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6 and 0.8 mM) of CdCl2. The harvests were carried out at successive regular time of 14 days throughout the cycle of development of culture. In order to evaluate the characteristics of growth, the partition of assimilated, changes in photosynthetic pigments and peroxidase activity of guaiacol in plants under development . Moreover, the end of the reproductive cycle, the seeds from the plants of rice irrigated with cadmium were analyzed through biochemical tests (sugar, starch and protein) and tests of viability and force, and also evaluated the cadmium content in seeds. The growth of rice plants was affected negatively with the increase in doses of cadmium. The presence of cadmium in the soil solution also reduced the accumulation of dry matter and the rate of growth of all organs of the plant, causing a decrease drastically in the total number of seeds and the number of seeds potentially viable, greatly increasing the percentage of aborted seeds, the levels of chlorophylls and carotenoids decreased and the guaiacol peroxidase activity increased in the leaves with the augmente on the concentration of cadmium. The rice seed showed quantitative changes in their constituents reserve, but the viability and vigor of these seeds have not been changes. Moreover, the ions of cadmium were easily translocados for grains of rice, restraining the use of grain for human consumption. Thus, one can infer that the cadmium is an extremely phytotoxic that can enter into our food chain and cause serious problems to health.